Since 3GPP announced the first 5G standard freeze in December last year, it is not so far away to talk about 5G. Here is a brief explanation. 3GPP's full name is the third GeneraTIon Partnership Project, the third-generation partnership program, which includes a wide range of industry-wide organizations, including regional and market organizations, with the purpose of playing the role of industry associations. A unified technical specification (TS) and technical report (TR) are provided to facilitate the localization and targeted processing of the members of the organization by means of standardized guidance to form standard processes and specifications. As for why it is the beginning of 3G, it is because the organization really gives strength, from the 3G era to the 5G era, although there are similar organizations like 3GPP2 and WiMAX in the middle have a short time to stand up to the court, but they really did not really incite their position.
The role of the unified standard is to be easily understood by everyone. After all, a little older classmates should still have a little impression on the previously complicated mobile phone charger interface, even if it is the same brand mobile phone, the charger is also It is not necessarily a common situation, I believe no one is willing to experience it again. In particular, there are three kinds of interfaces of 2mm, 2.5mm, and 3.5mm, and dozens of different current sizes. It is even possible to arrange a combination of a mobile phone brand that makes a flower, so that the mathless powerless Xiaobian is really fearful. As for a certain brand. It’s you, the Nokia classmate in the back row.
After talking about 3GPP, why do a standard freeze cause so much attention, because freezing means finalization, and although there may be some details of the revision, the overall framework and content have been finalized and need to be scaled up. Commercial enterprises, of course, have heard the signal of this charge, and they have a bottom. By the way, this freeze is only part of the complete 5G standard. It is more accurate, mainly because of the 5G NR non-independent networking (NSA-Non-Standalone) part, which simply relies on the existing 4G core network and base station. Develop 5G.
As for why the transition should be used to complete the network upgrade, it is said that the communication operation of its huge number of base stations and a series of related maintenance costs, land, towers, transmission routes, engineering construction, human resources and so on, etc. I have to spend money, this is really a game that local operators think they are burning money. First upgrade the existing resources, and then initially build a 5G base station on the 4G core network. When the scale reaches a certain level, then the anti-customer is the main one, and Gigabit LTE is used as an auxiliary network. This kind of planning seems to be much friendly. Only in this way, operators in various countries have the courage and motivation to actively promote the development of 5G.
It is in the face of such a plan, now the time point of the transition from 4G to 5G can be called a key turning point for the development of 5G. The companies that have dominated in the past are desperately developing to maintain their leading position, new players. We are also actively looking for cooperation, exploring entry points, and trying every means to earn a place in the 5G era.
As we all know, in the three major application scenarios planned by 5G, the eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) scenario has already taken the lead and has been basically finalized in the R15 phase. In terms of important coding, Turbo 2.0, Polar and LDPC can be described as a great battle. Turbo 2.0 code is out of the game in the absence of technology and the psychological expectations of major manufacturers. The latter two are separately obtained. A good result. The Polar code pushed by China is determined as the short code signaling channel coding scheme of the eMBB scene, and the LDPC code pushed by Qualcomm is further advanced. Not only the long code but also the short code aspect is also defined as the coding scheme of the data channel.
Of course, this alone cannot determine the direction of the entire 5G era. Although coding is the core technology of the physical layer, as far as the 5G network itself is concerned, it is composed of multiple systems and multiple scenarios, and its coverage will be broader. . It should be known that in the 3G era, Qualcomm can have a huge technical system with two core patents of "soft switching" and "power control" and more than two thousand peripheral patents. Need a very deep technical heritage. This reaction is also obvious above 5G. Even if the content contained in the network has a qualitative leap, Qualcomm can still seize the opportunity and maintain its leading position through the foundation and forward-looking. Domestic enterprises have to learn a lot. It is straightforward to say that China has won such an exaggerated language as the 5G era. It is not like trying to catch up, but it is like deliberate killing.
The realization of 5G is naturally the result of the addition of new technologies and the improvement of existing technologies. First of all, we can talk about a technology that we can see and touch - mass MIMO (massive MIMO). MIMO is MulTIple-Input MulTIple-Output, which is a multi-input and multi-output technology. This is a technology that is available in the LTE era, such as 2X2 MIMO. Simple understanding is 2 inputs + 2 outputs. The massive manifestation is in the part that we can directly observe, that is, the further expansion of the multi-antenna, and even more than a matrix of hundreds of antennas. The spectrum efficiency of the user system is greatly improved without increasing the spectrum resources, reducing the transmission power, reducing intra-cell and inter-cell interference. Although massive MIMO will bring new problems in channel modeling and other aspects due to the increase in the number of antennas, this relationship with our consumers is not too big.
Micro base station
At the same time as massive MIMO, there is usually a term called micro base station. Here we need to introduce the concept of millimeter wave first. University Physics tells us that the wavelength of electromagnetic wave:
Where c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum, approximately 3x10^8m/s, and ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. Take the 28GHz band used by Qualcomm for the first 5G connection with the Snapdragon X50 baseband as an example. Its wavelength:
The millimeter wave means very simple. It refers to an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of the order of millimeters, which is converted into a frequency, that is, a wave having a frequency of about 30 GHz or higher.
The benefits of high frequency are obvious. The higher the frequency, the higher the amount of information that can be carried and the wider the spectrum resources:
In the above formula, 1.8GHz-2.6GHz is the frequency that is commonly used by operators in China in the 4G era, but the first half is not the actual frequency band of 5G. It is only an example. It shows that in the millimeter wave band, it is easier to obtain a larger one. bandwidth.
The disadvantage of high frequency is also very simple. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the weaker the diffraction ability of the wave, and the greater the attenuation during the propagation process. The area covered by a traditional base station cannot be well covered after using millimeter waves. This requires the use of the micro base station mentioned above, and the use of a small base unit with a smaller number of cells to match the millimeter wave. In order to ensure a good network coverage and experience.
The base station coverage, millimeter wave applications, and large-scale MIMO are all available. To make good use of 5G, our mobile phone, which is the main entrance to the mobile Internet, is also a top priority. There aren't many things that can be discussed in this regard, because now the mobile phone has a 5G standard modem and is connected, and only Qualcomm's Xiaolong X50, the other competitors' competing products have been ranked in the second half of this year or even 2019. This is also the part we have always stressed that we need to see the gap. Then let's talk about another important related item - the RF front end.
Fuction:
1.Built-in BT, phonebook and BT music; 2. WIFI Built-in, support WIFI hotspot; 3. Support phonelink function 4. USB Function 5. Multi-format audio and video decoding, support 1080P full-format 6. Support rear view camera input; 7. Supports Internet APP download, install, uninstall 8. Mirror and link with Andriod Phone and IOS Phone 9. Audio:MP3 MP2 AAC OGG FLAC APE WMA WAV RM AC3 10. Vidio:AVI 3GP/MP4 MOV MPG MKV WMV RMVB 11. OSD Language: INDONESIA Melayu Denask Deutsch English Spain Filipino FRANCE Italiano POLSKI ,PORTUGUES ROMANA Svenska TURKCE PYCCKNN KOREA JAPAN Nederlands Brazil and many more
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