What are the automotive sensors and their role in the car?

One of the characteristics of the development of electronic technology in the automotive field is that more and more electronic components are used in automotive control systems, and automotive sensors play an increasingly important role as an indispensable component. In the past, automotive sensors were only used on engines, but now they are expanding into chassis, body and lighting electrical systems. These systems use more than 100 sensors (the role of automotive sensors).

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So, what are the common car sensors used in automobiles? Xiao Bian has made detailed answers to the questions about car sensors by collecting and sorting data. Let's take a look at the classification knowledge of car sensors.

1, according to the physical quantity of the sensor, can be divided into displacement, force, speed, temperature, flow, gas composition and other sensors

2, according to the working principle of the sensor, can be divided into resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage, Hall, photoelectric, grating, thermocouple and other sensors.

3. According to the nature of the sensor output signal, it can be divided into: switch type sensor whose output is switch quantity ("1" and "0" or "on" and "off"); the output is analog type sensor; the output is pulse or The digital sensor of the code.

4, according to the role of sensors in the car, can be classified into measuring temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, position sensor, gas concentration sensor, car speed sensor, light sensor, dry humidity sensor, distance sensor, etc., each of which As a manager, once a sensor fails, the corresponding device will work abnormally or not. Therefore, the role of automotive sensors is very important.

What are the different positions of the car, such as: transmission, direction, suspension and ABS car sensors?

Transmission: There are vehicle speed sensor, temperature sensor, shaft speed sensor, pressure sensor, etc., the direction indicator has a rotation angle sensor, a torque sensor, a hydraulic sensor;

Suspension: There are vehicle speed sensor, acceleration sensor, body height sensor, roll angle sensor, angle sensor, etc.; let's take a look at the specific introduction.

(1) Automotive intake pressure sensor:

The vehicle intake pressure sensor reflects the change in the absolute pressure in the intake manifold, and provides a reference signal for calculating the fuel injection duration to the ECU (engine electronic control unit), and can measure the absolute inside the intake manifold according to the load state of the engine. The pressure is converted into an electrical signal and a speed signal and sent to the computer as a basis for determining the basic fuel injection amount of the injector. Currently widely used is a semiconductor varistor type intake pressure sensor.

(2) Automobile throttle position sensor:

The car throttle position sensor is mounted on the throttle to detect the opening of the throttle, measure the angle at which the throttle opens, and provide the ECU with a reference signal for oil cut, fuel/air ratio control, and ignition advance angle correction. It is linked to the throttle by a lever mechanism to reflect different operating conditions of the engine.

This sensor can detect different fuel injections by inputting different operating conditions of the engine and inputting it into the electronic control unit (ECU). It is available in three versions: switch contact throttle position sensor, linear variable resistance throttle position sensor, and integrated throttle position sensor.

(3) Automobile crankshaft position sensor:

The car crankshaft position sensor, also called the crank angle sensor, is the most important sensor in the computer-controlled ignition system. Its function is to detect the top dead center signal, the crank angle signal and the engine speed signal, and input it into the computer, so that the computer can press The firing order of the cylinders gives the best ignition timing command.

There are three types of crankshaft position sensors: electromagnetic pulse type crank position sensor, Hall effect crank position sensor, photoelectric effect type crank position sensor. The type of crankshaft position sensor is different, and its control mode and control accuracy are also different. The crankshaft position sensor is generally mounted on the side of the crankshaft pulley or sprocket, and some are mounted on the front end of the camshaft, and some are installed in the distributor.

(4) Air flow sensor:

The air flow sensor measures the amount of air sucked by the engine and provides it to the ECU as a reference signal for the injection time. It converts the inhaled air into an electrical signal and sends it to the electronic control unit (ECU) as one of the basic signals for determining the fuel injection. According to different measurement principles, it can be divided into four types: rotary vane air flow sensor, Karman vortex air flow sensor, hot wire air flow sensor and hot film air flow sensor. The first two are volume flow type, and the latter two are mass flow type. At present, hot-line air flow sensors and hot film air flow sensors are mainly used.

(5) Automotive oxygen sensor:

The automobile oxygen sensor detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and supplies it to the ECU as a reference signal for controlling the fuel/air ratio in the vicinity of the optimum value (theoretical value);

(6) Car knock sensor:

The car knock sensor is mounted on the engine block to specifically detect the deflagration of the engine and provides the ECU with an adjustment of the ignition advance angle based on the signal. Currently, there are two types of resonance type and non-resonance type.

(7) Car intake air temperature sensor:

The vehicle intake air temperature sensor detects the intake air temperature and provides it to the ECU as a basis for calculating the air density;

(8) Automotive coolant temperature sensor:

The vehicle coolant temperature sensor detects the temperature of the coolant and provides engine temperature information to the ECU;

to sum up

Automotive sensors play an important role in automotive electronic stability control systems (including wheel speed sensors, gyroscopes, and brake processors), lane departure warning systems, and blind spot detection systems, including radar, infrared, or optical sensors. This article mainly answers these questions about automotive sensors. It introduces several types of automotive intake pressure sensors, automotive throttle position sensors, automotive crankshaft position sensors, air flow sensors, automotive oxygen sensors, and automotive knock sensors. Basic knowledge of etc.

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