[Global Network Science and Technology reporter Wang Nan] According to incomplete statistics from the Ministry of Transport, there are currently more than 30 Internet leased bicycle operators across the country, with more than 10 million vehicles in total, over 100 million registered users, and more than 1 billion cumulative services. Sharing bicycles greatly facilitates the public's short-distance travel and public transport connections and transfer, but whoever controls the sharing of bicycles is indiscriminately placed. What if the user's deposit is not refundable? What is safe for the user? Recently, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guiding Opinions on Encouraging and Regulating the Development of Internet Rental Bicycles (Draft for Solicitation of Comments)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions") to formulate prescriptions for these problems.
Shared bicycles use real-name registration
The Guiding Opinions require the sharing of bicycles to use the real name system for registration and use, and it is forbidden to provide services to children under 12 years of age.
In response, Yang Xinzheng Yang Xinzheng, director of the Urban Transport Research Center of the Ministry of Transport Research Institute, said that the "Guidance (Exposure Draft)" proposes targeted measures for network and information security protection: On the one hand, it requires Internet rental bicycle operators to perform Responsibility of the entity, compliance with relevant regulations of the national network and information security, setting up servers in China, implementing the system for protecting network security levels, establishing a network security management system, improving network security precautions, and strengthening system data security protection. On the other hand, it stipulates the scope of use of relevant information and requires that the information provided by the operating company must not infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of users and social public interests, and must not exceed the scope necessary to provide Internet bike rental services.
Poor parking management will limit delivery
The sharing of bicycles is a widely criticized problem. The Guiding Opinion proposes to strengthen parking management and supervise law enforcement. The operating company must implement responsibility for vehicle parking management, promote the use of electronic fences and other technologies, and comprehensively adopt economic sanctions, credit records and other measures to effectively regulate user parking behavior, and timely clear vehicles that are illegally parked, have hidden safety hazards, and cannot provide services. . All localities must strengthen the supervision of Internet rental bicycle parking. At the same time, the “Guiding Opinions†made it clear that the public security traffic control department and the urban management department jointly managed the parking of shared bicycles, which pointed out the direction for local development of implementation opinions. Prior to the introduction of development opinions in some localities, the parking management responsibilities were divided indistinctly.
It can be seen that the "Guiding Opinion" not only clarifies the responsibilities of the relevant competent authorities, but also requires the operating companies that have had serious problems to stop and disregard them, and have been reminded that they have not taken effective measures. They should openly report relevant issues and limit their delivery.
The “Guidance Opinion†mentioned the promotion of “electronic fencesâ€. Some people were worried that “electronic fences†would affect the convenience of shared bicycles. In response, Yang Xinzheng stated that with the rapid development of Internet rental bicycles, the problem of vehicle parking has always been of concern to society. A focus issue.
"In the drafting of the "Guiding Opinion," we conducted a joint investigation and conducted a detailed mapping of this issue. We noticed that there were problems with the accumulation of Internet rental bicycles around subway stations, communities, and tourist attractions. Some users ride It is convenient to stop at the destination, but disorderly parking may cause inconvenience to other people, impede the normal passage of pedestrians and vehicles, and even affect the operation of the entire city's transportation network.For this issue, we have instructed "Consultation Draft" proposed that we must adhere to the principle of multi-party co-governance and give full play to the joint efforts of the government, enterprises, social organizations, and the public to co-govern." Yang Xinzheng pointed out that the urban government should improve the construction of bicycle transportation networks and regulate the parking spot of bicycles. Set up to strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of violations of laws and regulations. The operating company must implement the responsibility for vehicle parking management, promote the use of technologies such as electronic fences, and comprehensively adopt measures such as economic rewards and punishments, credit records, etc. to guide users to regulate parking. At the same time, it will strengthen the use of Internet bike rental norms and the promotion of safe and civilized cycling. Through various means such as public service advertisements, theme education, and volunteer activities, it will guide users to increase their integrity and awareness of civilization, comply with traffic regulations, and abide by social morality.
In response to the problem of excess vehicles in individual cities, Cai Tuanjie, deputy director of the Department of Transportation Services of the Ministry of Transport, stated that some vehicles in certain areas of the city have already experienced some vehicle surplus. This varies from city to city. User demand, access conditions, parking conditions, and the status of launches are all different. For example, the "overloading" phenomenon in some regions may be caused by short-term excesses in local areas and local time caused by the lack of offline service capabilities of the organization's organization and management, vehicle scheduling, and so on. It is not simply the issue of total volume; some are enterprises. If the amount of input is too large, it needs to be treated differently.
Cai Unity further stated that it is therefore necessary to maintain territorial management, encourage cities to develop their positioning according to their own characteristics, public travel needs and Internet rental bicycles, and study the establishment of vehicle deployment mechanisms that are compatible with urban space carrying capacity, parking facility resources, and public travel demand. , guide operating companies to place vehicles in a reasonable and orderly manner. At the same time, it also requires operating companies to enhance offline operations and avoid serious vehicle excess in some areas.
Encourage operating companies to deposit a car without a deposit
In the early stages of the development of shared bicycles, users need to pay a deposit ranging from RMB 99 to RMB 299. The refund of deposits is generally postponed for several days. The problem of financial security has caused widespread public concern. The "Guidance Opinions" proposes that it is necessary to strengthen the safety supervision over user funds and prevent and control capital risks.
The "Guidance Opinions" require that enterprises should collect deposits and advance funds from users, and should strictly distinguish the company's own funds and user deposits, advance funds, open user deposits at the place of business registration, and prepay special funds accounts, implement special funds, and accept supervision. , prevent and control user's fund risk.
Cai Tuan stated that currently there are 100 million person-time Internet bike rental users, and the deposits paid by operating companies are basically 99-299 yuan. If 50 million users pay a deposit, there will be 5 billion yuan if they count 100 yuan per person. The deposit. Once enterprises have misappropriated user deposits or business failures, they will bring financial security risks to the people.
"Through research, we learned that the main purpose of operating companies to collect deposits is to guarantee the behavior of users, but also that some companies have begun to try to use credit points, etc. to avoid deposits for users to use cars. In response to this situation, we are Several design proposals have been made in the "Guidance (Exposure Draft)"," said Cai Tuanjie. First, incentives for deposits are provided to provide rental services. Without a deposit, the user's financial security can be better protected. Secondly, if the company collects deposits and prepayments, it must strictly distinguish user funds (including deposits and advance payments) from the company’s own funds, open user deposits, prepay funds for special accounts, implement special funds, accept supervision, etc. The enterprise establishes and perfects the user deposit refund system. Thirdly, encourage the implementation of the “Rent on Demand, that is to say pay back†mode, which is to pay the deposit when renting a car and return the deposit immediately when the car is returned. Fourth, the fund settlement services required by the operating companies must be provided through bank and non-bank payment agencies and signed agreements with them. Fifth, if an operating company is required to implement acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations, or withdraw from the market, it must formulate reasonable plans to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of users and the safety of funds.
Li Junhui, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, also believes that protecting the safety of user funds is an important criterion in the future development of shared bicycle operators. The general idea is to encourage sharing bike companies to do a deposit-free service, but it does not prohibit or restrict companies from collecting deposits. In the deposit management model, one of the advocating rules is to rent and pledge, that is, to retreat. Business-to-user deposits should open special accounts and be subject to special supervision. Avoid the use of deposit investment by some companies. Failure to do so can lead to capital risks.
In addition, with the popularization of shared bicycles, more and more vehicles are damaged. Discarded shared bicycles are stacked and dumped indiscriminately. How to deal with vehicles that cannot be used for these damages, and whether they will issue vehicle scrapping mechanisms, etc. The problem of vehicle damage has caused inconvenience to the user and has also brought a lot of obstacles to the normal operation of the company. Therefore, in the formulation of the “Guiding Opinionsâ€, the Ministry of Transport fully considered this issue and carried out relevant system design:
First of all, the operating companies have the main responsibility for the security status of Internet rental bicycles. The operating companies are required to strengthen the online and offline service capacity building, reasonably equip the offline service team, strengthen vehicle dispatching, parking and maintenance management, and improve the maintenance and processing efficiency of the faulty vehicles so as to ensure that the vehicles to be put into use meet relevant technical requirements. The operating company should promptly find the damaged vehicles and carry out recycling and disposal to avoid the problems of urban governance brought about by the random disposal of abandoned vehicles.
On the other hand, there are also some users who do not care about vehicles and have uncivilized car behavior. Internet rental bicycles require the common maintenance of users. Users should consciously abide by the relevant provisions of road traffic safety, urban management and other relevant laws and regulations and service agreements, so that they can use cars, ride safely, and regulate parking. If citizens’ damage to the Internet lease bicycles constitutes an infringement of the property rights of the operating company, the serious circumstances will constitute an offence and the relevant authorities will punish them according to law.
As for the problem of vehicle scrapping, Cai Tuanjie stated that in the "Guidance (Exposure Draft)", no specific provisions were made, but it was proposed to strengthen the standardization of Internet rental bicycles and encourage the development of group standards, local standards, and corporate standards. In addition, the basic national standards for general categories are formulated in due course, including the technical requirements for Internet-rental bicycles. "In the future, when formulating specific technical standards, they will consult widely with relevant departments for opinions."
Corporate voice:
Ofo yellow car:
We are very much in favor of the concept of “Strengthening online and offline service capacity buildingâ€, “Making full use of Internet information technology to strengthen the management and management of affiliated vehicles†and “Innovation management service mode†proposed in the “Guidance Opinion†and saying that it will be practiced in enterprises. Based on the above-mentioned concepts, we will work with competent authorities and partners at all levels to solve the problems in the development of shared bicycle innovation.
With regard to the requirements of “regulate corporate operations†and “enhanced parking management†proposed in the “Guidance Opinionsâ€, ofo Xiao Huang car said that it will stick to the development of a professional operation and maintenance team, fully implement the “gridization†operation of cities, and implement Beidou navigation at the same time. Positioning system uses electronic fences to manage vehicles.
Mobike Bicycles:
The "Guiding Opinions" formulated by the Ministry of Transport and other departments expressed their welcome and support. According to reports, each bike of Mobike is equipped with a self-developed satellite positioning chip that supports GPS+Beidou and a new generation of IoT mobile communication chip, which enables more than 4.5 million bicycles to be networked in real-time and keeps track of vehicle positions and operating status. It has built the world's largest mobile internet of things platform and implemented functional scheduling to guide the orderly parking of vehicles. Mobike is also the first to establish a user credit management system in the industry. It regulates user behavior through the industry’s first “credit†system. Previously, Mobike has also actively joined the National Development and Reform Commission’s credit sharing platform in the field of shared bicycles, and is confident to take the lead in formulating Shared bicycle credit collection standards.
In the user's fund safety management, Mobike bicycles are the earliest companies in the industry to implement deposits that are regulated by third-party financial institutions. The deposits are supervised by China Merchants Bank and special funds are used for special accounts. It ensures 100% safe deposits for users.
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