The so-called "Internet of Things" (Internet of Things), first proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), refers to a variety of information sensing devices, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners A huge network formed by combining various devices with the Internet. It is a new information technology revolution. It is the fourth technological change after PC, Internet and wireless communication technology. It has great scientific significance and application value. The Internet of Things has a close relationship with the Internet. The Internet of Things is built using ubiquitous network technology. It combines Internet technology with broadband access transmission and wireless communication to form a broadband mobile Internet, and then combines items to form the Internet of Things.
First, the technical basis of the Internet of Things(1) Realizing the environment and conditions of the Internet of Things
Some people say that the Internet of Things = RFID + sensor + Internet, this is a metaphor of the image, but not rigorous. The environment and conditions for realizing the Internet of Things are mainly: the Internet is the network foundation for realizing the Internet of Things; the wireless sensor network is the technical basis for realizing the Internet of Things; the computer application is the internal condition for realizing the Internet of Things; the standardization is the key to realize the Internet of Things; A social environment that guarantees the smooth operation of the Internet of Things. Technically, sensors are indispensable for achieving connections between items. The sensor stores the information stored on the item label to another item and another person, and then automatically, real-time identifies, locates, tracks, monitors, and triggers the corresponding event through the network system. This series of work is inseparable from sensors, so some people call the Internet of Things "sensor network."
Just as Internet technology follows the principle of openness, Internet of Things technology must also follow the principle of openness. The architecture, management, naming, interfaces, open services, and spectrum used by the Internet of Things all determine that the Internet of Things must follow the principle of openness. If the principle of openness is not implemented, it is impossible to achieve global links.
Sensor nodes connect the physical world to the Internet
(2) Six basic technical elements of the Internet of Things
The six basic technical elements of the Internet of Things include the Internet, RFID, readers, Internet of Things middleware, Internet of Things name resolution system, and Internet of Things information service system. Here are just a few of the key technologies.
First, the Name Resolution Service (ONS). The name resolution service system, similar to the DNS of the Internet, must be authorized and have a certain composition structure. Similar to the Internet, which requires a domain name server DNS, there must be ONS in the Internet of Things. The encoding of each item is parsed to provide the corresponding content, and further information about the related product is obtained through the URLs service. This is the same as not having a domain name on the Internet.
Second, middleware technology. Middleware has two major functions, one is two platforms; the other is communication. The first step is to provide an application for the upper layer service. At the same time, it is necessary to connect the operating system to keep the system running normally. The middleware also supports a variety of standard protocols and interfaces, such as supporting the information exchange and management of RFID and supporting equipment, while also shielding the complexity of the front end. The general middleware shields the complexity of the system software, while the middleware of the Internet of Things mainly shields the complexity of the front-end hardware, especially the complexity of RFID readers. The characteristics of middleware, the first is independent of the architecture, the second is to support the control and transmission of data flow, while supporting the function of data processing.
Again, the information service system. The international EPC system is adopted. The PML language is used to mark each entity and item, and the physical tags are classified by RFID tags. At the same time, the database is built, the data storage is provided, the application system is developed, and the query service is provided. Similarly, the Internet of Things is also managed, similar to network management on the Internet. At present, the Internet of Things is mostly based on the network management system built by SMNP, which is similar to the general network management system.
(3) Other key technologies
The development of the Internet and e-commerce has spawned the Internet of Things. The basic technologies of the Internet of Things also include key technologies such as electronic data exchange (EDI), geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and radio frequency identification (RFID).
The Internet of Things originated from electronic data interchange. In the international shipping and transportation process, the exchange of electronic data labels of international standards must be realized. China's containers have all realized the electronic label exchange of seaborne transportation, but the process of standardization to the port to railway and road transportation, the chain of modern management is broken. At present, Shanghai Port is doing the best. Only 1.8% of the containers in Shanghai Port can be automatically connected to the railway system. Others can only be manually entered.
Do a good job in the Internet of Things, but also have a geographic information system, satellite positioning system. Understanding the positioning of items on the planet is inseparable from geographic information. The Internet of Things plays a very important role, including geographic location, inquiries, transportation routes, service scope, and logistics network layout, all of which are inseparable from geographic information.
The Internet of Things is even more inseparable from the Global Positioning System. The global modernization of the Internet of Things and logistics can be truly achieved through the Global Positioning System. At present, China mainly uses the global positioning system developed by the United States. China has also begun to develop its own positioning system. For example, the Big Dipper positioning system is constantly developing.
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