China's 2010 Shanghai World Expo is the first registered and comprehensive World Expo hosted by developing countries in 159 years. The site of the park is located in the Binjiang area between the Nanpu Bridge and the Lupu Bridge. It is an important urban block for the transformation of the old city in the central city of Shanghai, the functional transformation of the two sides of the Pujiang River, environmental improvement and urban spatial development strategy. The two parks of Pudong and Puxi, which are separated by Pujiang Nature, are mainly built in new venues, while the latter are mainly based on historical preservation. The Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute was commissioned by the Shanghai World Expo Coordination Bureau to carry out the preparation of the night lighting plan for the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. As one of the special plans, the plan is guided by the theme of “Better City, Better Lifeâ€, with particular emphasis on the operability, guiding significance and control of the plan itself. As a national event, the special lighting plan has similarities with general urban lighting planning or regional lighting planning, but it also has its own unique approach in planning strategy. Highlight the characteristics of the World Expo, respect the overall planning of the World Expo, consider the changes in participating countries and locations, global energy shortages and environmental damage, explore the future of urban lighting innovation and sustainable development, with the core value of "harmony between man and nature" The goal of “sustainable development†has become an important criterion for measuring the value of the night illumination of the Expo, and it has become the task and challenge of the plan.
1 Expo and urban lighting
The World Expo has always been an important window for countries around the world to demonstrate their technological strength, cultural image and aesthetics. The World Expo is also regarded as the greatest event for human technological innovation. The development of artificial electric light sources is to benefit all mankind through the World Expo. The invention of the electric motor at the 1873 Vienna World Expo, the incandescent light bulb of Edison at the 1878 Paris World Expo, the first practical fluorescent lamp at the 1939 New York World Expo, and so on. The 2010 Shanghai World Expo coincides with the new wave of lighting technology revolution – solid state lighting. Through the integration and application of LED lighting technology, visitors can directly understand how to use the lighting technology and lighting art to interpret the theme of “Better City, Better Lifeâ€, and learn more about human science and technology. Direct promotion in various fields such as culture, art, and education.
The special plan for nightscape lighting for the Expo site can be traced back to the 1915 Pacific World Expo in Panama, and General Electric (GE) is responsible for the lighting of the entire Expo site. Their night scene design made this World Expo, so that the wonderful World Expo will continue after sunset. The night lighting planning of the last 2005 Aichi Expo in Japan was carried out by senior lighting designer Ishii Shiko. The night scene of the park is designed to convey the traditional Japanese light culture through modern lighting technology, emphasizing green lighting, energy saving and environmental protection, and symbiosis with nature. Planning concept. The overall planning of night lighting for the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Park was undertaken by Tongji University. The design team has been involved in the World Expo since 2006. The night lighting planning work of the Expo site is based on a series of pre-exposure research results of the World Expo. Through the analysis and research on the nighttime functional positioning of the Expo Park, the planning principles for the night lighting of the Expo Park are proposed (Figure 1). The plan focuses on the ways and means to achieve high efficiency and energy saving in the landscape light environment of the Expo site, the principles and methods of landscape art lighting that reflect the characteristics of the Shanghai World Expo, and the relevant design standards and management guidelines for the development of the light environment in the Expo site.
2 Shanghai World Expo Park night lighting master plan
The overall planning work of the night scene lighting of the Shanghai World Expo Park is based on a series of early-stage World Expo scientific research achievements. Through the analysis and research on the nighttime functional positioning of the Expo Park, the planning principles for the night lighting of the Expo Park are proposed. The plan focuses on the ways and means to achieve high efficiency and energy saving in the landscape light environment of the Expo site, the principles and methods of landscape art lighting that reflect the characteristics of the Shanghai World Expo, and the relevant design standards and management guidelines for the development of the light environment in the Expo site. The planning completed the night lighting subdivision of the Expo Park and the lighting grading of the stadium buildings, the color temperature of the Expo Park and the dynamic lighting control of the chromatic light. In order to better guide the night lighting design of Shanghai World Expo Park, in addition to completing the overall lighting planning of the Expo site, it also formed the application of lighting innovation technology in the Expo Park, the application of high-efficiency energy-saving lighting technology, road system lighting, night lighting of stadium buildings, public space. Eight sub-projects and guidelines for lighting, green space lighting, signage system lighting, and urban best practice area lighting are used to guide the development of the night lighting design phase, the project bidding phase and the deepening phase of the Shanghai World Expo Park.
In order to build an efficient and energy-saving night illumination system for the park, the relationship between the division of the night illumination of the park, the relationship between functional lighting and landscape lighting, the theme interpretation of the venue and the image of the night scene, the application of technology and innovation concepts, the control of visual comfort and light pollution, the opening and closing ceremonies of the Expo, The lighting mode and grading of the meeting after the meeting will be divided into two parts: the overall plan and the sub-program.
2. 1 Master plan
The overall plan mainly includes brightness grading control planning, color light dynamic lighting control zoning planning and illumination color temperature control zoning planning.
2. 1. 1 Park building lighting brightness classification control plan
At the beginning of the planning, the planning team conducted extensive urban environmental brightness surveys in several urban centers in Shanghai. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the current urban environmental brightness level in Shanghai, according to the characteristics of Shanghai cities, refer to relevant domestic and foreign norms and guidelines, and fully consider the landscape composition and visual needs of the Expo site, and propose different blocks in the park. The brightness control range of night illumination.
It is expected that after the completion of the construction project in the entire Expo Park, the existing sky brightness will be greatly affected (the brightness will be greatly improved), so the background brightness outside the park is estimated to be a “bright†background environment. However, due to the consideration of “Harmonious World Expo and Ecological Expoâ€, in addition to the key landmark buildings, the rest of the buildings will be designed in the Expo. In each pavilion and in different areas, the brightness is reduced in order of importance. After the Expo, the brightness of the highlighted area design will be appropriately reduced. The overall plan is divided into five areas.
2. 1. 2 Park color light dynamic lighting control zoning planning
The campus dynamic color lighting control zoning plan is mainly used to regulate the use of colored light and dynamic lighting, to avoid light pollution, and to control uncomfortable glare. Temporary lights such as performance lights are not covered here. The park is divided into four control areas. That is, (1) planning areas that use colored dynamic light, including the Expo Axis, the Axis Building (Expo Cultural Center, Theme Pavilion, etc.); (2) A small number of areas using colored dynamic light, including active green spaces, distribution squares, and elevated walkways; (3) Areas where color dynamic light is not suitable include the riverside landscape green space and the green space outside the stadium area. The peripheral green space is close to the residential area, and color dynamic light should not be used. In addition, considering the prominent visual effect of the China Pavilion “China Redâ€, color dynamic light should not be used; (4) Others mainly refer to self-built pavilions and rental halls, which can be adopted. Color light illumination, and dynamic change control of colored light, depending on the situation of each museum.
2. 1. 3 Park color temperature control zoning planning
The color temperature control zoning planning of the park is mainly based on the different functional divisions of the park and the light color control planning. The World Expo will span the hottest season in Shanghai, so you should consider the appropriate increase in color temperature when planning for light color, and also need to consider the use after the Expo. The park is divided into five types of control areas.
2. 2 sub-program
On the basis of the overall lighting planning, the planning team also carried out sub-planning design according to the composition of the night landscape of the park, in order to guide the construction of the night lighting of the park more specifically.
2. 2. 1 Park Building Night Lighting Planning
It is planned to divide the night lighting of the buildings in the park into three categories: “need to be night lightingâ€, “suitable for night lighting†and “not suitable for night lightingâ€. Among them, “the night lighting must be carried out†includes “emphasis lighting†and “appropriate lightingâ€.
The “key lighting†buildings include the China Pavilion, the Theme Pavilion, the Cultural Center, the Expo Center, the Future Pavilion, the Civilization Pavilion and the Expo Axis. Such buildings should fully reflect the important core position of these buildings in terms of the form, brightness and color of the lighting, and meet the requirements of the night view of the park.
“Appropriate lighting†buildings include foreign pavilions, international organization pavilions and corporate pavilions. As an important part of the Expo Park, as well as the main venues for people to visit, during the Expo, such buildings must be illuminated at night. However, unlike the venues that focus on lighting, these non-permanent venues need to weigh the relationship between lighting effects and lighting inputs when designing lighting.
The main feature of this Expo is the reuse of old buildings. The original buildings, docks, chimneys and other buildings within the Expo site are quite distinctive. The new pavilions that have been converted into these old buildings are also unique. Especially for such historic architectural lighting design, it is important to consider and enhance or reproduce its historicity through lighting technology.
Financial commercial, cultural and entertainment, cultural relics and historic sites, supporting service facilities in the fenced area, and “suitable night lighting†buildings such as Expo Village are in the auxiliary function position in the Expo Park, but many activities will take place in these buildings during the Expo. Therefore, these buildings should be properly illuminated at night. In addition, other residential buildings, municipal buildings, infrastructure buildings and supporting facilities outside the fenced area are “not suitable for night lightingâ€.
2. 2. 2 Park Road Lighting Classification Control Plan
The road network system in the park conforms to the natural topographical features and forms a curved road of east-west direction. The longitudinal roads are naturally divergent and connect with the urban peripheral roads to form a complete integrated transportation planning system.
According to the relevant provisions of China's "Urban Road Lighting Design Standards" (CJJ 45-2006) and CIE "CEE No 115-1995: Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic", The park road lighting grading control plan has defined the planning control and related lighting indicators for urban-level motor vehicle road lighting, pedestrian space lighting, elevated walkway lighting and tunnel lighting.
2. 2. 3 Park Greenland Landscape Lighting Control Plan
According to the different functions and characteristics of the green space landscape, the park's green space landscape is divided into four types: riverside green space, active green space, landscape green space and road greening, and the corresponding lighting is also planned and controlled according to its composition and use characteristics. All greenland landscape lighting should fully consider the impact of artificial lighting on surrounding greening and various types of living, and control lighting and lighting levels. For the protection of the Houtan Park, such as the more original area, ecological protective lighting should be carried out.
2. 2. 4 Public open space lighting planning
The public space in the park mainly includes various types of squares, traffic water gates and the Huangpu River in the park. According to the nature of different services, the squares in the Expo Park are divided into entrance plazas, exhibition plazas, integrated plazas and celebration plazas. The water gate for visitors to enter the park from the Huangpu River is mainly based on traffic functions, but considering its location along the river, it also needs effective lighting design. The wide Huangpu River face can be combined with the celebration plaza for a variety of large-scale celebrations or performance lighting performances, becoming the most expressive public space. The night illumination of the public open space should take into account the functionality and landscape, both to meet the needs of night visitors in the space, but also to consider the performance of the night landscape, coordination with the surrounding buildings, the environment and so on. The sub-program provides for relevant lighting indicators such as illuminance, light color, and color rendering.
2. 2. 5 Park Identification System Lighting Design Plan
The campus logo system lighting design plan is based on the classification of the lighting system of the Expo Park logo system, and the logo lighting mode, brightness contrast, uniformity, color rendering, lamp installation, light projection direction, lamp light distribution and reflection glare. Relevant restrictions and regulations have been proposed, and a number of new lighting technology application requirements have been proposed.
2. 2. 6 Urban best practice area (UBPA) lighting planning
The “Best Practice Area of ​​the City†is located in the Puxi E area at the northeast end of the Expo Fence Area. It covers an area of ​​about 15 hectares and consists of two blocks from the north and the south. It is a special exhibition project for the theme of “city†at this Expo. The theme of the block is “Sustainable Development – ​​Eco-Cityâ€, in which the world will focus on the various representative, innovative and exemplary best practices for improving the quality of urban life.
In line with its construction concept, the night lighting of the urban best practice area should also become the most representative Expo project of the city's energy-efficient lighting system in terms of innovation and demonstration, achieving a high degree of integration of technology and art. At the same time, relatively mature semiconductor general lighting products can be integrated into them.
The Urban Best Practice Area is a concentrated area for the display of new lighting technologies during the World Expo. It will also become the highlight of the night landscape of the Expo Park. It will remain as a reserved area after the World Expo. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the use of the meeting and after the meeting. Four principles: a. Continue to use after focusing on the meeting, taking into account the presentation in the meeting; b. Overall harmony, clear hierarchy, outstanding features; c. Humanized, ecological green lighting; d. Economic principles. Night lighting in the practice area should create a comfortable nighttime display environment that will also form a vibrant industrial park and creative living night space when used later.
In the urban best practice area night lighting sub-project planning, based on the analysis of the night view line of sight in the practice area, the density of nighttime pedestrian activities in the whole area, etc., the detailed lighting element control plan, building lighting principle, building lighting Planning, pedestrian space lighting planning, lighting planning and design of various simulated neighborhoods, semiconductor innovation design and application planning.
2. 2. 7 Expo Park Lighting Innovation Technology Application Planning
According to the characteristics of the Expo site and various regional functions and new lighting technologies, the demonstration application area, mode and scale of new lighting technology are planned, so that designers and managers can control and grasp the implementation of new lighting technology in general. Landing. Innovative technologies include new lighting technologies and new application models for new energy use, new materials, new light sources and media lighting.
2. 2. 8 Energy-efficient lighting technology integrated application planning
The night landscape of the Expo Park should be a low-carbon night lighting system with high efficiency and energy saving and landscape art. This not only conforms to the current global sustainable development strategy, but also meets the current macro requirements of social and economic development. The lighting of the Expo Park should be fully implemented with green lighting. Through scientific lighting design, lighting products with high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and stable performance should be adopted. This will help improve the urban living environment and improve people's quality of life, thus creating a safe, comfortable, economical and suitable environment. The plan has designed and controlled the energy-efficient lighting technology of the Expo Park from the aspects of green light source, energy-saving control technology and energy-saving design technology.
3 Towards the future of low carbon lighting
After completing the planning work, the planning team will summarize the planning contents into ten guidelines, which will be delivered to the relevant departments and construction units by the Shanghai World Expo Coordination Bureau for more effective guidance on the night lighting construction of the park. Through joint efforts, the night lighting of the Shanghai World Expo Park has become an energy-efficient urban lighting demonstration on a strategic level; on the cultural level, the ecologically-protected lighting mode of the historical sites of the Expo site has been implemented; on the technical level, the largest scale integration application Semiconductor lighting technology; At the human level, through the interaction of lighting art and people, visitors can fully enjoy the creative life brought by lighting technology; At the industrial level, the construction of the park night scene has become the maximum application of "Made in China" products. .
The nightscape lighting of the Shanghai World Expo Park is a prelude to the future of low-carbon lighting. The lighting of the city will be based on the concept and standard of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. It means that urban lighting should strengthen the humanized design principle, establish a "people-oriented" light culture concept, and create a safe, comfortable and beautiful night landscape for people. Urban lighting should highlight the design innovation of technology and art, reflecting the charm of combining lighting technology with art. Through reasonable planning and design, the city's night lighting system with high efficiency and energy saving is realized, and the application and demonstration of green lighting technology are promoted based on the principle of high efficiency and energy saving. Advocating ecological and environmental protection design concepts, relying on scientific and advanced lighting technology, using green lighting equipment and equipment to avoid the occurrence of harmful light such as light pollution.
Adhere to the design principles of sustainable development.
In the future, China's urban lighting planning projects should implement the nationally implemented low-carbon lighting strategy, reflect clear planning ideas, and adopt scientific planning methods, emphasizing the landing, implementation and implementation of professional planning content. The plan seeks to meet the basic requirements of the lighting special procedures, but it needs innovation, pertinence and operability. It is the preliminary practice and research basis of standards and norms to propose and explain advanced planning theories and design ideas in the planning to promote and promote the development of the lighting industry. Here we carefully summarize the work results of the nightscape lighting planning of the Shanghai World Expo Park, bring together the valuable experience of urban lighting planning development in China and explore the common wisdom of urban lighting development, and provide experience for urban lighting managers with the aim of letting Shanghai Expo Park night lighting Planning and construction concepts and practices are sustainable.
Edit: Cedar
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