NAS is designed as a simple network storage. It is easy to install, just turn on the switch, set the file system, and mount it on the server and desktop computer that uses it. NAS management is also very easy, except for some places need to pay attention to management is very easy. This article mainly deals with how to manage multiple NAS systems, because a single NAS system has limited scalability.
When the number of NAS systems under management rises, the workload of management also increases. But their correlation is not linear. The growth of management workload exceeds the increase in the number of NAS to be managed, because administrators must maintain load balancing among different systems and migrate data between systems. To reduce this management burden, you can introduce separate global name space (GNS, usually also called file virtualization) products, such as F5, Attune, AutoVirt, Brocade, and EMC products. However, the introduction of GNS products still needs to know the limitations of the scalability of each NAS product.
The scalability of the NAS system has three main interrelated aspects. Including: the maximum number of files per file system and each NAS system (different concepts) without performance degradation; the maximum original capacity and available capacity (capacity after storage formatting and RAID, data protection, etc.); and the maximum continuous performance index , Including IOPS and throughput. Before the performance or capacity bottleneck is encountered, it is likely that the maximum number of files will be reached. The possibility of performance bottlenecks is higher than the capacity limit.
Don't design the NAS configuration only considering the current needs. If you don't consider future needs, you may end up paying more for your mistakes. Knowing the limitations of the system can better find a suitable system for the company's future needs. At the same time, it can also know when another set or more advanced system will be needed. Good design can also avoid application downtime when the system reaches its limit.
Maximum manageable file limit
The limit on the number of manageable files is critical for NAS systems. Since this is not important for SAN storage or DAS systems, only a few companies will mention this issue. When the maximum number of files approaches or exceeds the limit, the performance of some NAS systems will drop sharply, or even shut down completely.
Determining file limits can be difficult. This is related to the size of the file, the size of the file system, and the number of file systems. NAS system providers should be able to provide relevant metrics. Another factor to consider is whether you want to use NAS to provide block storage in a multi-protocol environment. Many NAS systems provide FC or iSCSI SAN block storage interfaces. Most such systems convert those storage blocks (usually 512 Bytes per block) into independent files. This will quickly increase the number of files managed, and the possibility of encountering file system limitations on the NAS system will increase.
IOPS and throughput limits
For NAS systems that support NFS and / or CIFS, performance is measured in IOPS and / or total throughput. Knowing the limitations of performance can guarantee the current and future needs, and helps to ensure that the NAS system can not only meet the current needs, but also meet the future workload. The main performance limit indicators include the maximum rate per NAS system, per 1Gbps Ethernet interface, and per 10Gbps Ethernet interface.
Capacity limit
The capacity limit is sometimes a bit more troublesome than commonly thought. The key depends on the available capacity rather than the original capacity. For all NAS systems, the brand of the device indicates the original capacity rather than the final usable capacity. Although the definition of free space is ambiguous, the actual definition should be the capacity that can be used to store data after RAID and snapshots are established. This time, as the capacity of the disk changes, the disk capacity and performance need to be compromised. The rotation speed of the higher capacity disk is much lower than that of the lower capacity disk, which significantly reduces its performance. At the same time, the reliability of high-capacity disks will be relatively low. It is important that the capacity limit of the selected disk meets your company's current and expected needs.
To determine the scalability of the NAS system, you need to do some homework and plan well, and understanding the limitations of the NAS system beforehand can greatly simplify the management of it now and in the future.
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