The rapid development of digital radio frequency (RF) technology has resulted in an increasingly crowded spectrum and increasing efficiency; at the same time, modern RF signals have become extremely complex. In order to improve capacity, performance and confidentiality, sophisticated RF technologies such as burst, frequency hopping and adaptive modulation are generally used. These technologies exhibit power and frequency characteristics over time and have transients. The interleaving and popularity of these signals presents design engineers with the challenge of capturing and analyzing these time-varying RF signals.
RF engineers need to look at the exact details of RF signals over time, so Rick King, vice president of RF testing products at Tektronix, points out: "The time in the RF field can no longer be ignored. Now is the time to use next-generation real-time spectrum analysis technology. By relying on traditional swept spectrum analyzers and vector signal analyzers (VSA), engineers have been unable to capture and analyze these transient RF signals 100%. Tektronix' new RSA6100A series of real-time spectrum analyzers enable engineers to quickly capture and analyze problems.
Offering an excellent combination of capture bandwidth and dynamic range, the 6.2GHz RSA6106A and 14GHz RSA6114A offer industry-leading 110MHz real-time bandwidth and 73dB spurious-free dynamic range, which are said to be high performance in other products. It is difficult to have both.
One of the key breakthroughs for the new product RSA6100A for high-end applications is the introduction of Digital Phosphor (DPX) technology. King said: "DPX waveform processor technology has generated the industry's first real-time RF spectrum picture, enabling engineers to view previously unknown sources. The RF signal instability and transients greatly improve the spectrum update rate and information display capabilities, turning large amounts of RF data into a glance view."
DPX technology introduces the digital phosphor oscilloscope (DPO) technology in the time domain into the frequency domain. With parallel processing structure, the spectrum processing speed is improved compared with the fastest swept spectrum analyzer and vector signal analyzer. Nearly 1,000 times, it can process more than 48,000 spectrum measurements per second. By continuously converting time domain signals into the frequency domain, DPX technology provides a means for simultaneously displaying frequent events and infrequent events, extracting and real-time computing discrete Fouriers at a much higher rate than the human eye can perceive. Transform (DFT) and convert them into an intuitive, fully active picture.
Variable color grade persistence will remain anomalous until these signals are visible, so Matthew J. Maxwell, Tektronix RF product line product manager, emphasizes: "The RSA6100A helps reveal undetectable glitches and other transient events. At the same time, the power level value at each frequency in the capture bandwidth will be recorded, and the color of each signal will be displayed as a function of time by changing the color on the display screen. Spectrum information below the peak amplitude.
Another important aspect is that the RSA6100A offers a unique Frequency Mask Trigger (FMT) feature that allows the user to trigger measurements based on the occurrence of unique event patterns in the spectrum. The high dynamic range of the FMT can trigger weak transient signals while ignoring known strong signals. FMT operates over the entire 110MHz real-time bandwidth of the RSA6100A Series, reliably capturing undetectable RF signals or frequency anomalies that traditional analyzers can miss.
When debugging RF circuits, FMT is critical to finding low power or time varying signals. It detects occasional signals, existing intermodulation products, and transient spectrum rejection violations. FMT is essential for monitoring applications and radar operations. It captures spectrally related events, such as weak signal pulses under complex spectral conditions, which cannot be captured simply by level triggering.
From the application point of view, Maxwell pointed out that the RSA6100A is suitable for many applications in digital predistortion (DPD) power amplifiers, radio monitoring, radar design and many other fields. In response to China's situation, Wu Youshou, a professor of electronic engineering at Tsinghua University and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized its significance for digital television: "Digital TV standard development requires demand for real-time spectrum testing, and digital TV broadcasting standards will be used soon in China. How to make it Digital TVs reliably receive signals at high speeds? How to ensure interference avoidance in complex spectrum applications? These application studies also require real-time spectrum analyzers."
Figure: Simplified block diagram of the RSA6100A series
The RSA6100A's measurement-centric user interface is specifically designed to not only optimize parameters for any measurement combination selected by the user, but also to manually adjust these controls at any time. The RSA6100 Series also includes the most frequently used features of traditional spectrum analyzers, such as peak and averaging detection, waveform averaging, maximum hold, minimum hold, reference waveform, and resolution bandwidth filters for various operating modes. The RSA6100A series features a 10.4-inch XGA touch screen display with mouse/keyboard and traditional front panel operation control. These instruments use the Windows XP operating system and provide familiar interfaces for common tasks such as file management, printing, copy/paste, import/export, tools, help, and more.
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